1. |
calamity |
adversity, |
disaster, |
catastrophe, |
|
good fortune |
boon, |
godsend, |
windfall, |
2. |
candour |
frankness, |
sincerity, |
openness, |
|
deceit |
dishonesty, |
insincerity, |
guile, |
3. |
cause |
source, |
motive, |
mainspring, |
|
effect |
consequence, |
outcome, |
result, |
4. |
chaos |
disorder, |
disorganisation, |
pandemonium, |
|
order |
harmony, |
organisation, |
orderliness, |
5. |
civil |
kind, |
courteous, |
complaisant, |
|
uncivil |
rude, |
discourteous, |
boorish, |
6. |
clarity |
clearness, |
lucidity, |
transparency, |
|
haziness, |
obscurity, |
darkness, |
fuzziness |
7. |
combative, |
aggressive, |
belligerent, |
bellicose |
|
peaceful, |
peace-loving, |
non-violent, |
compromising, |
8. |
complex, |
complicated, |
intricate, |
convoluted |
|
simple, |
uncomplicated, |
plain, |
straightforward, |
9. |
compulsory, |
binding, |
imperative, |
mandatory |
|
optional |
voluntary, |
discretionary, |
non-obligatory |
10. |
concise, |
brief, |
compact, |
condensed |
|
lengthy, |
long, |
long-winded, |
extended |
11. |
concrete, |
real, |
material, |
solid |
|
abstract, |
ideal, |
immaterial, |
intangible |
12. |
conventional, |
customary, |
traditional, |
usual |
|
unconventional, |
unorthodox, |
uncommon, |
unusual |
13. |
corrupt, |
crooked, |
dishonest, |
contaminated |
|
moral, |
honourable, |
honest, |
righteous |
14. |
cosmopolitan |
worldly-wise, |
urbane, |
sophisticated |
|
provincial |
parochial, |
insular, |
unsophisticated |
15. |
covert, |
hidden, |
concealed, |
clandestine |
|
overt, |
open, |
clear, |
candid |
16. |
crass, |
coarse, |
churlish, |
insensitive |
|
polished, |
refined, |
considerate |
sensitive |
17. |
craven, |
cowardly, |
dastardly, |
pusillanimous |
|
courageous, |
bold, |
brave, |
audacious |
18. |
crestfallen |
dispirited, |
dejected, |
disappointed |
|
encouraged, |
inspired, |
elated, |
cheerful |
19. |
customary |
usual, |
traditional, |
conventional |
|
occasional, |
unusual, |
rare, |
infrequent |
20. |
cynical |
distrustful, |
sceptical, |
suspicious |
|
credulous |
trustful, |
naïve, |
unsuspicious |
*Three types of antonyms (gradable, complementary and relational) can be distinguished. Word meanings are context-dependent.